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※發文無1~6小標格式或未依順序任意刪除者會被刪文

1.媒體來源:
※ 例如蘋果日報、自由時報（請參考版規下方的核准媒體名單）

THE NEW YORK TIMES
2.記者署名
※ 沒有在這打上記者署名的新聞會被水桶14天 編輯非記者
※ 外電至少要有來源或編輯 如:法新社

WANG YIWEI, RAYMOND ZHONG
3.完整新聞標題:
※ 標題沒有完整寫出來 ---> 依照板規刪除文章

4個問題，帶你了解中國的「戰略豬肉儲備」
Swine Fever? Trade War? China Turns to Strategic Pork Reserve
4.完整新聞內文:
※ 社論特稿都不能貼！違者刪除（政治類水桶3個月)，貼廣告也會被刪除喔！可詳看版規
北京郊區的國家豬肉儲備倉庫。 GILLES SABRIÉ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
https://i.imgur.com/2wAL8Qq.jpg
Sign up for NYT Chinese-language Morning Briefing

BEIJING — When supplies of China’s favorite meat run low, Beijing calls upon i
ts strategic pork reserve, a name that brings to mind vast piles of sausages, ba
con and spareribs housed in secret underground vaults across the country.

北京——當豬肉供應不足時，北京會動用這種中國人最喜愛的肉類的戰略儲備，聽起來彷彿
是全國各地的祕密地窖裡有堆積成山的香腸、培根和排骨。

That’s not quite how it works. But China’s pork reserve is real, and it is bas
ically a carnivore’s version of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which keeps th
e United States flush with oil during emergencies. Pork prices in China today ar
e skyrocketing, the result of an epidemic that is ravaging the country’s hogs,
and the government has been drawing upon its reserves to lift supplies for shopp
ers.


具體情況有些出入。但中國的確有豬肉儲備，基本上是肉食版的「戰略石油儲備」(Strateg
ic Petroleum Reserve)，後者使美國在緊急情況下有充足的石油。如今，由於一場在生豬
中肆虐的流行病，中國的豬肉價格飛漲，政府一直在動用儲備增加對消費者的供應。


The trade war with the United States hasn’t helped — China’s retaliatory tari
ffs have made imports of American food and agriculture products more expensive.
As the two countries’ negotiators meet this week in Washington for another roun
d of trade talks, ballooning grocery bills are adding to the pressure on Beijing
 to reach a deal.





Last month, 30,000 metric tons of pork from the national reserve was sold into t
he market ahead of Oct. 1, the 70th anniversary of modern China’s founding. A b
atch of 9,600 tons was released in January, shortly before Chinese New Year. Loc
al governments have also tapped their stores.

上個月，在10月1日新中國成立70週年紀念日前，全國儲備向市場投放了3萬噸豬肉。1月份
春節來臨前釋放過一批9600噸的儲備。地方政府也動用了儲備。

China is hardly alone in stockpiling food at gigantic scale. The Canadian provin
ce of Quebec, famously, has a maple syrup reserve. Until not that long ago, the
United States had a national raisin reserve.

中國肯定不是唯一大規模儲備食品的國家。加拿大魁北克省有著名的楓糖漿儲備。直到不久
前，美國還有國家葡萄乾儲備。

But yes, the idea of a strategic pork reserve raises some questions. Let’s take
 them in turn
但沒錯，戰略豬肉儲備的想法會引發一些疑問。我們來逐一解答。




Why does China have a pork reserve?

為什麼中國會有豬肉儲備？



The system was created in the late 1970s, just as the nation began emerging from
 economic ruin. Mao’s government had kept emergency stockpiles of grain, salt a
nd sugar since the ’50s as part of the planned economy. As the country introduc
ed market reforms, reserves became a tool for controlling price swings, not just
 for pork, but for beef, chicken and lamb, too.



In addition to the latest pork deployments, 2,400 tons of beef and 1,900 tons of
 lamb were put on the market in early September.

除最近的豬肉部署外，9月初，中國還曾向市場投放2400噸牛肉和1900噸羊肉。



在北京一個肉類批發市場，顧客們在查看各種產品。 GILLES SABRIÉ FOR THE NEW YORK
TIMES
https://i.imgur.com/pgXS1bS.jpg
How much pork are we talking about?
有多少豬肉
The exact numbers are a state secret. No, seriously.
確切數字是國家機密。不，我不是在玩笑。



Officials have, however, given some hints. Part of the point of a reserve is psy
chological. If there’s too much secrecy, the reserve loses its power to reassur
e people that supplies are ample.
不過官員也曾給過一些暗示。儲備的部分意義在於心理層面。如果太過保密，就失去了讓人
們確信供應充足的力量。

In a 1996 essay, an official with China Foods Limited, a government-affiliated c
ompany that managed the national pork reserve, wrote that the official stockpile
 had grown to 200,000 tons from around 20,000 tons at inception. The number dipp
ed in the early 2000s, researchers say. But it seemed to have recovered by 2011,
 when, amid a bout of infectious disease that brought pork prices to new highs,
China’s commerce ministry said the national reserve held around 200,000 tons.


降。但到2011年似乎已經恢復，因為在一場傳染病疫情使豬肉價格屢創新高時，中國商務部

表示國家儲備了約20萬噸豬肉。


The big question, of course, is whether the reserves could ever be large enough
to have a meaningful effect on prices. China consumes over 50 million tons of po
rk a year, or nearly half of the pork that is eaten annually by all of humankind
. Pretty much all of that comes from pigs raised within the country.

當然，大的問題在於，這些儲備是否足以對價格產生實質性影響。中國每年消費近5000萬噸
豬肉，佔全人類每年豬肉食用量的近一半。所有這些基本上均來自中國國內養殖的生豬。


But analysts estimate that China’s herd is already 40 percent smaller this year
 than last, as hogs die from African swine fever, are culled to control the dise
ase’s spread or are never born in the first place. Analysts at Jefferies, the i
nvestment bank, predict that the nation will produce 30 percent less pork this y
ear compared with last year, a drop of 16 million tons.



Against those numbers, even 200,000 tons of emergency meat can seem like a drop
in the ocean.
在這些數字面前，即便20萬噸的肉類緊急儲備似乎也是杯水車薪




Where is all that pork kept?
豬肉都儲存在哪裡？



China’s central government has more than a dozen storehouses around the country
, each of which can hold around 10,000 tons of frozen raw pork. There are also p
rivate and state-owned companies that work with the authorities to manage nation
al and local reserves.

 中國的中央政府在全國各地設有十幾個倉庫，每個倉庫可存放約一萬噸冷凍生豬肉。私營
和國有公司也和當局合作管理國家和地方的豬肉儲備。

These companies mostly keep their pork in unmarked suburban warehouses, where th
e meat stays at the state-mandated temperature of minus-18 degrees Celsius, or j
ust under zero degrees Fahrenheit. In 2013, a reporter in the eastern province o
f Shandong got a peek inside one such facility, where 1,500 tons of pork was sit
ting behind a double-locked door. The guard at the warehouse was wearing eight l
ayers of clothing.

這些公司大多將豬肉存放在無標記的郊區倉庫中，在那裡，豬肉保持著國家規定的溫度，即
零下18攝氏度或華氏零度以下。2013年，山東省東部一名記者就得以見到一個這樣的設施，
那裡的1500噸豬肉存放在一扇上了雙鎖的門後面。倉庫的保安員穿著八層衣服。

Technically, though, China’s pork reserves don’t contain only meat. Since the
’90s, the government has stockpiled live pigs, too.



In 2007, when reporters in Shandong visited a farm that bred pigs for the provin

cial reserve, they found tens of thousands of hogs running around in what sounde
d like pretty idyllic conditions: “The area is lush with vegetation and shaded
by trees. The hog house is tall and spacious. There is heating in the winter and
 ventilator fans in the summer.”



And then there is Yunnan, a southwestern province famous for its ham. The local
government there said last year that it held 3,000 tons of ham in addition to 13
2,000 live pigs and 400 tons of frozen meat.

然後是雲南，一個以火腿聞名的西南省份。那裡的地方政府去年表示，除了13.2萬頭生豬和
400噸冷凍豬肉外，還儲存了3000噸火腿。


北京某批發市場電子廣告牌上的每日豬肉價格。 GILLES SABRIÉ FOR THE NEW YORK TIME
S
https://i.imgur.com/W1Zlszq.jpg

How does strategic reserve pork taste?
戰略儲備豬肉的味道如何？
Just fine, apparently.
顯然，還不錯。

The government mandates that pork in the reserves be swapped out three times a y
ear, which means no piece of meat is supposed to stay for more than four months.

政府要求儲備豬肉每年更換三次，這意味著每一塊肉都不能保存超過四個月。

Recently on Weibo, the Chinese social media platform, a user wrote a post titled
 “Today I Bought Government Reserve Pork.”

最近，在中國的社群媒體平台微博上，一名用戶寫了一篇題為「今天我買了國家儲備肉」的
帖子。

The pork in question was found at the local supermarket, the user, @lbtgs, wrote
. It was labeled “No. 4 meat,” which is government code for pork leg. It was c
heaper than the “non-reserve pork” he found at the same meat counter, he said,
 so he gave it a shot.




“The quality isn’t bad, and it doesn’t smell weird,” he reported. “It is to
tally edible meat.”

「肉質還可以，聞起來也沒什麼邪味怪味，」他說。「是完全可以食用的肉。」
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
※ 當新聞連結過長時，需提供短網址方便網友點擊

https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20191010/china-strategic-pork-reserve/zh-hant

6.備註:
※ 一個人一天只能張貼一則新聞，被刪或自刪也算額度內，超貼者水桶，請注意

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