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論文出處：

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/29/eabg2286

Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of
Cannabis sativa

論文作者        https://imgur.com/J6mMzPY

Cannabis sativa has long been an important source of fiber extracted from
hemp and both medicinal and recreational drugs based on cannabinoid
compounds. Here, we investigated its poorly known domestication history using
whole-genome resequencing of 110 accessions from worldwide origins. We show
that C. sativa was first domesticated in early Neolithic times in East Asia
and that all current hemp and drug cultivars diverged from an ancestral gene
pool currently represented by feral plants and landraces in China. We
identified candidate genes associated with traits differentiating hemp and
drug cultivars, including branching pattern and cellulose/lignin
biosynthesis. We also found evidence for loss of function of genes involved
in the synthesis of the two major biochemically competing cannabinoids during
selection for increased fiber production or psychoactive properties. Our
results provide a unique global view of the domestication of C. sativa and
offer valuable genomic resources for ongoing functional and molecular
breeding research.



https://imgur.com/mZZkGgf


archaeological, and historical record [reviewed in (5, 6, 31–33)] and
provide a detailed picture of the domestication of Cannabis and its
consequences on the genetic makeup of the species. Our genomic dating
suggests that early domesticated ancestors of hemp and drug types diverged
from Basal cannabis ~12,000 years B.P. (95% confidence interval: 6458 to
15,728 years B.P.; Fig. 2B and table S3), indicating that the species had
already been domesticated by early Neolithic times. This coincides with the
dating of cord-impressed pottery from South China and Taiwan (12,000 years
B.P.), as well as pottery-associated seeds from Japan (10,000 years B.P.).
Archaeological sites with hemp-type Cannabis artifacts are consistently found
from 7500 years B.P. in China and Japan, and pollen consistent with
cultivated Cannabis was found in China more than 5000 years B.P. Only a small
number of early domesticated Cannabis strains expanded to later form hemp and
drug types ~4000 years B.P., a time when multiple fiber artifacts appear in
East Asia, and when fiber-grown Cannabis was spreading westward into Europe
and the Middle East, as shown by Bronze Age archaeological evidence.
Ritualistic and inebriant use of Cannabis has in turn been documented in
Western China from archaeological remains at least 2500 years B.P. (34, 35).
The first archaeobotanical record of C. sativa in the Indian subcontinent
dates back to ~3000 years B.P., the species likely being introduced from
China together with other crops (36, 37). In contrast with East Asia,
historical texts from India from as early as 2000 years B.P. indicate that
the species was only exploited for drug use. Over the next centuries,
drug-type Cannabis traveled to various world regions, including Africa (13th
century) and Latin America (16th century), progressively reaching North
America at the beginning of the 20th century and later, in the 1970s, from
the Indian subcontinent. Meanwhile, hemp-type cultivars were first brought to
the New World by early European colonists during the 17th century and later
replaced in North America by Chinese hemp landraces by the middle 1800s.
Consistent with this history, our model shows a gradual increase in the Ne of
hemp and drug types. On the basis of both demographic and phylogenetic
analyses, we propose that early domesticated Cannabis was first used as a
primarily multipurpose crop until ~4000 years B.P., before undergoing strong
divergent selection for increased fiber or drug production.

我們的全基因組分析證實了現有的考古植物學、考古學和歷史記錄
，並提供了大麻馴化及其對物種基因組成影響的詳細圖景。我們的基因組測年表明，
大麻和藥物類型的早期馴化祖先與基礎大麻約 12,000 年，表明該物種在新石器時代早期
已經被馴化。





歐洲殖民者首先將大麻品種帶到了新世界，後來在 1800 年代中期在北美被中國大麻
地方品種所取代。


















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七魄興輪無上伊甸瑜珈雖然是以看來較為平和的方式以蟬蛻和生乳取代血肉等腥穢之物
作為密義源起供養；然而聚歛於上的是冥界的深冤與大樂奔瀉的淨慈，行者於閉關修持
之時若生起退失動搖之心，則神識旋即離散且肉身消殞；即便如此還是願意受灌頂嗎？
 https://imgur.com/cEVD0kE ---妖道七祖《攝一切魔根本瑜珈論/誓命問品第一》---
文章代碼(AID): #1K0Lp7VP (CFantasy) [ptt.cc] Re: [新聞] 湖南偏鄉驚曝百餘......
https://imgur.com/eRQKYMF               文章網址: https://is.gd/J7nd2k

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