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感謝flyhigh大分享的百度貼吧情報m(- -)m

http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2616048609?pn=1





原文翻譯有經過我的潤飾改寫，想看原文翻譯請直接點網址

以下解釋『卡塔西斯』與『反卡塔西斯』

看到有人抱怨看不懂百度那帖文，所以請讓我試著換個方式解釋『反卡塔西斯』好了> <

如果解釋得不好，就...對不起了Q______________Q

以下是維基百科英文條目翻譯

Catharsis (Latin), meaning "purification" or "cleansing" is a sudden emotional
breakdown or climax that constitutes overwhelming feelings of great pity,
sorrow, laughter, or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal,
restoration, and revitalization.



The term “catharsis” was used in a philosophical sense by Aristotle to
describe the effect of music and tragic drama on an audience. Aristotle did
not leave a clear definition of the term, resulting in centuries of
discussion, commentary, and debate, which contributed to the development of
theories such as aesthetics, psychology, drama, and artistic ethics.



(下略一段無關的內容)

In ancient Greek tradition, catharsis referred to religious rituals performed
to “purify” criminals and those who violated established religious codes in
order for them to be allowed to return to a society. Similar practices are
found in almost all cultural traditions. (中間略一段無關的內容)

Socrates took the “purification of the soul” as the primary task of
philosophy.



蘇格拉底則將「淨化靈魂」的重責大任置於哲學之上。



In contemporary aesthetics, catharsis may also refer to any emptying of
emotion experienced by an audience in relation to drama. This can be
perceived in comedy, melodrama, and most other dramatic forms. There are
sometimes deliberate attempts to subvert the structure of catharsis in
theater in order to achieve a political or aesthetic purpose. For example,
Bertold Brecht viewed catharsis as a “pap for the bourgeois theatre audience,
” and designed dramas which left significant emotions unresolved, as a way
to force social action upon the audience. According to Brecht's theory, the
absence of a cathartic resolving action would require the audience to take
political action in the real world in order to fill the emotional gap they
experience.

反宣洩



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以下補個相關背景知識

貝爾托‧布萊希特(1898–1956)是德國戲劇巨匠，著名作品有「四川好女人」、「勇氣



補一下D爸精闢的推文 原文請見#1IK3Xvuy這篇







...Aristotle may have been defending music and the dramatic arts against
Plato's charge that dramatic poets were a danger to society because they
incited the passions and overshadowed reason. Aristotle may also have been
referring to the religious role of drama; ancient Greeks performed dramas
for religious purposes. Aristotle admired Sophocles' Oedipus Rex, and Sophocles
was an Asclepian priest in Athens.



(譯註：我不確定Asclepian 是什麼神廟)

Other commentators, such as Else and Hardison, suggest that “catharsis”
 refers to the resolution of dramatic tension within the plot of the drama,
and not to the emotional effect of the drama on the audience. The rest of
Poetics is a discussion of dramatic form and style, rather than the effect of
poetry and literature on its readers. The structure of a tragedy is such that
it arouses fear and pity, then resolves major conflicts and brings the plot
to a logical conclusion. However, the passages referring to catharsis in
Politics suggest that music offers some kind of emotional release. ... ...



(譯注：《Poetics》是亞里斯多德的文學理論著作，有時翻作《詩論》)

Aristotle taught that virtue and character were connected with the pleasure
and pain that resulted from successful or thwarted activities. An important
aspect of character education was learning to experience pleasure and pain at
appropriate times and to an appropriate extent, and to know in what
circumstances fear and anger were suitable emotions. Catharsis brought about
through drama and music was a means of producing a moderation and balance of
the emotions, and of connecting the passions with reason and wisdom.
Corneille, Racine, and Lessing advanced views that such an experience of
catharsis had a moral value in educating the public.



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諫山可能會採取開放式結局(o′。ω。`o)




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