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1.媒體來源:
華盛頓郵報

2.完整新聞標題:
Men who harass women online are quite literally losers, new study finds

3.完整新聞內文:
Here’s a research finding that should surprise no one: The men most likely
to harass women online … are the men most likely to have their own problems.

這篇報導指出在網路上騷擾女性的男性，通常都有著自身的問題。


That bit of validation comes courtesy Michael Kasumovic and Jeffrey
Kuznekoff, researchers at the University of New South Wales and Miami
University, respectively. For their latest study, published in the journal
PLOS One last week, the duo watched how men treated women during 163 plays of
the video game Halo 3.


兩名研究員在新南威爾斯以及邁阿密大學做出的研究，以halo3做工具，在163場遊戲中
統計出男性如何對待女性的報告。



As they watched the games play out and tracked the comments that players made
to each other, the researchers observed that — no matter their skill level,
or how the game went — men tended to be pretty cordial to each other. Male
players who were good at the game also tended to pay compliments to other
male and female players.

研究員觀察到，不管遊戲技巧好或壞，男性通常都對同性比較親切，而技巧好的男性玩
家對兩性通常都給予同樣的尊重。



Some male players, however — the ones who were less-skilled at the game, and
performing worse relative their peers — made frequent, nasty comments to the
female gamers. In other words, sexist dudes are literally losers.

而那些技術較差的男性，通常都喜歡用令人感到噁心的話語來與女性玩家對談，換句話
說，性別歧視的這些傢伙就是些losers。



http://i.imgur.com/EJL7c9i.png
A chart from the Halo study that shows how nice male gamers were to other
males (dotted line) and females (solid line) during gameplay. Men always
treat each other about the same. But the better a player gets, the more
likely he is to be nice to ladies. (Kasumovic et al)

這個圖表顯示了halo的玩家對待男性與女性的差別，男性對男性為虛線、男性對女性
為實線，技術越好的玩家通常會對女性比較好。



In today’s online environment, alas, this is not an idle observation.
According to a recent Pew report, 40 percent of Internet users have
personally experienced harassment. While both genders are frequent victims of
this abuse, women tend to get the worst of it: They are “particularly
vulnerable to sexual harassment and stalking,” Pew said.

根據其他研究，女性通常是網路騷擾的受害者。


I asked Kasumovic, the lead author on the study, how applicable his findings
were in other online or offline settings. In other words, how much of this
derives from human nature, and how much of it relates to the unique demands
of first-person shooters?

記者詢問該研究的結論是只能運用在fps或者能夠延伸引用到其他領域。


Kasumovic argues that video games actually make incredible proxies for
studying real-life behavior — Halo 3, especially.

研究員指出家機遊戲事實上能夠反射出現實生活中的行為，特別是halo3這款遊戲。


There are three things you should know about the game, for the purpose of
understanding this study: (1) players are anonymous, and the possibility of “
policing individual behavior is almost impossible”; (2) they only encounter
each other a few times in passing — it’s very possible to hurl an expletive
at another player, and never “see” him or her again; and (3) finally, and
perhaps predictably, the sex-ratio of players is biased pretty heavily toward
men. (A 2014 survey of gender ratios on Reddit found that r/halo was over 95
percent male.)

說明以halo這款遊戲做研究的背景


That should sound a whole lot like a lot of other, frequently sexist online
spaces: Think Twitter. Or Reddit. Or 4chan.

Twitter還有Reddit以及4chan都被指為性別歧視的大本營。


In each of these environments, Kasumovic suggests, a recent influx of female
participants has disrupted a pre-existing social hierarchy. That’s okay for
the guys at the top — but for the guys at the bottom, who stand to lose more
status, that’s very threatening. (It’s also in keeping with the
evolutionary framework on anti-lady hostility, which suggests sexism is a
kind of Neanderthal defense mechanism for low-status, non-dominant men trying
to maintain a shaky grip on their particular cave’s supply of women.)

處在下層的的網路使用者通常要比上層的使用者更為對女性激進且具有攻擊性。



“As men often rely on aggression to maintain their dominant social status,”
Kasumovic writes, “the increase in hostility towards a woman by lower-status
males may be an attempt to disregard a female’s performance and suppress her
disturbance on the hierarchy to retain their social rank.”

男性貶低女性通常是為了維持他們的社交地位。


In other words, like your mother always said, bullies just feel bad about
themselves.

This does not, alas, suggest any solutions for on- or offline sexism, or any
hope that it will ever really end. (“There are so many more questions we’ve
already begun to to ask and our results are looking really interesting,”
Kasumovic said.)

這篇研究並沒有指出如何解決網路或現實生活中的性別歧視。


Until then, ladies, Facebook and Pinterest are your friends! Those are, for
better or worse, two of the online spaces where this type of sex-ratio
imbalance isn’t much of a problem: Women on both sites solidly outnumber men.


在最終答案被發現之前，FB和Pinterest是女性最好的朋友，他們是網路上女性數量
超過男性許多的網路空間。




4.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
http://tinyurl.com/o5qp4a3

5.備註:

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