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EU to vote on declaring robots to be ‘electronic persons‘
Resolution to grant robots legal status in order to hold them ‘responsible
for acts or omissions’ passed by European Parliament legal affairs committee
May Bulman @maybulman Sunday 15 January 2017
歐盟將要進行一個機器人是「電子人」的聲明投票
授予機器人法律地位的決議是為了對他們的「行為或不行為」加以管控

MEPs have voted to propose granting legal status to robots, categorising them
as “electronic persons” and warning that new legislation is needed to focus
on how the machines can be held responsible for their “acts or omissions”.
歐洲議會議員已經提出一項將授予機器人法律地位的提案，將他們分類為「電子人」並認
為新的立法必須聚焦在機器如何能夠對其「行為或不作為」負責。

The draft report, tabled by Mady Delvaux-Stehres, a socialist MEP from
Luxembourg, states current rules are “insufficient” for what it calls the “
technological revolution”, and suggests the EU should establish “basic
ethical principles […] to avoid potential pitfalls".
草案報告由一個來自盧森堡的社會主義歐洲議會會員Mady Delvaux-Stehres提出，
目前的規則是「不足」以應付所謂的「技術革命」，並建議歐盟應設立「基本道德原則
 [...]為了避免潛在的陷阱」。

Ms Delvaux-Stehres’s resolution was easily passed by the European Parliament
’s legal affairs committee, and a vote by the full parliament on the
resolution is likely to take place in February.
這位女士提的草案很容易的就通過了，並很可能會在二月進行投票

The report suggests that robots and other manifestations of artificial
intelligence such as bots and androids are poised to “unleash a new
industrial revolution, which is likely to leave no stratum of society
untouched”.
這份報告建議機器人與其他如安卓等人工智能正準備「發動一場觸及各個社會階層的工業
革命」

“The more autonomous robots are, the less they can be considered simple
tools in the hands of other actors (such as the manufacturer, the owner, the
user, etc.)," they said.
「隨著更多自主機器人出現，意味著更難以將他們當成行動者(製造商、擁有這、使用者)
手上的簡易的工具」

“This, in turn, makes the ordinary rules on liability insufficient and calls
for new rules which focus on how a machine can be held – partly or entirely
– responsible for its acts or omissions.
使關於責任的普通規則不足，並要求制定新規則，重點關注機器如何能夠部分或全部地對
其行為或不行為負責。

“As a consequence, it becomes more and more urgent to address the
fundamental question of whether robots should possess a legal status.”
因此，解決機器人是否應具有法律地位的根本問題變得越來越迫切。

Following the committee vote on her measure, Ms Delvaux-Stehres reiterated
the need for a legal framework for robots, saying: “A growing number of
areas of our daily lives are increasingly affected by robotics.
在草案投票後，DS重申需要機器人法律框架「越來越多的日常生活領域越來越多地受到機
器人的影響。」

“In order to ensure that robots are and will remain in the service of
humans, we urgently need to create a robust European legal framework.”
「為了確保機器人能夠並將繼續為人類服務，我們迫切需要創建一個健全的歐洲法律框架
」

Sales of robots rose by 29 per cent in 2014, the highest year-on-year
increase ever, compared to an average of 17 per year between 2010 and 2014,
according to the report, while annual patent filings for robotics technology
have tripled over the past decade.
根據報告，機器人的銷售額在2014年增長了29％，是2010年至2014年間平均每年增長17％
，而機器人技術的年度專利申請量增長了三倍過去十年。

In June last year Google introduced a life-like ‘robot dog’ that can clean
houses, while in May it was announced German researchers were in the process
of creating an artificial nervous system that could be used to make robots
experience pain.
去年6月，谷歌推出了一個可以清潔房子的生命似的“機器人狗”，而在5月
，德國研究人員正在創造一個人工神經系統，可以用來使機器人感到痛苦。

Academics last year found that driverless vehicles could reduce the numbers
of accidents by up to 90 per cent.
去年的學者發現，無人駕駛車輛可以將事故數量減少高達90％。

But they highlighted a difficult moral dilemma.
但他們強調了一個困難的道德困境。

In some situations, the robot driver might have to deliberately crash,
killing all its occupants, to avoid killing more people outside the car.
在一些情況下，機器人驅動程序可能必須刻意地關閉，殺死所有的乘客以避免在車外殺死
更多的人。
※譯註http://i.imgur.com/pvabRsx.jpg ？？？

People were in favour of this system, but only for other people. When asked
what car they would buy, they told researchers they would choose one that
protected the occupants in all circumstances.
人們贊成這個制度，但只適用於其他人。當被問到他們自己會買什麼車，他們告訴研究人
員，他們會選擇一個在所有情況下保護乘客的車。

http://tinyurl.com/ha6cudv

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