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來源：http://bit.ly/2DyEddv

Tesla Raises the Bar for Self-Driving Carmakers

In unveiling the specs of his new self-driving car computer at this week’s
Tesla Autonomy Day investor event, Elon Musk made several things very clear
to the world.

Tesla 在本周面向投資人的"Tesla Autonomy Day" 上發布了其新自駕車電腦的
規格。同時，Elon Musk 也在活動上向世界傳遞出了幾條非常清楚的訊息。

First, Tesla is raising the bar for all other carmakers.

首先，Tesla 正在提高所有其他汽車製造商的門檻。

Second, Tesla’s self-driving cars will be powered by a computer based on two
of its new AI chips, each equipped with a CPU, GPU, and deep-learning
accelerators. The computer delivers 144 trillion operations per second
(TOPS), enabling it to collect data from a range of surround cameras, radars
and ultrasonics and power deep neural network algorithms.


TOPS，這使其能夠從一系列的環繞鏡頭、雷達和超音波雷達中收集數據，同時驅

動深度神經網路算法。

Third, Tesla is working on a next-generation chip, which says 144 TOPS isn’t
enough.

第三，Tesla 正在研發下一代晶片，這表示144 TOPS 的運算能力是不夠的。

At NVIDIA, we have long believed in the vision Tesla reiterated: self-driving
cars require computers with extraordinary capabilities.

NVIDIA 長期以來一直相信Tesla 不斷重申的願景：自動駕駛車輛需要性能卓越
的電腦。

Which is exactly why we designed and built the NVIDIA Xavier SoC several
years ago. The Xavier processor features a programmable CPU, GPU and deep
learning accelerators, delivering 30 TOPs. We built a computer called DRIVE
AGX Pegasus based on a two chip solution, pairing Xavier with a powerful GPU
to deliver 160 TOPS, and then put two sets of them on the computer, to
deliver a total of 320 TOPS.

這也正是幾年前我們設計並製造NVIDIA Xavier SoC 晶片的初衷。NVIDIA Xavier


And as we announced a year ago, we’re not sitting still. Our next-generation
processor Orin is coming.

如同一年前所宣布的那樣，我們未曾止步。新一代處理器–Orin 即將到來。


That’s why NVIDIA is the standard Musk compares Tesla to—we’re the only
other company framing this problem in terms of trillions of operations per
second, or TOPS.

這也是為什麼Musk 將NVIDIA作為與Tesla 比較的參考基準 — 我們是唯一一間
除Tesla 之外提供每秒數兆次級運算(或稱TOPS)作為解決方案的公司。

But while we agree with him on the big picture—that this is a challenge that
can only be tackled with supercomputer-class systems—there are a few
inaccuracies in Tesla’s Autonomy Day presentation that we need to correct.



It’s not useful to compare the performance of Tesla’s two-chip Full Self
Driving computer against NVIDIA’s single-chip driver assistance system. Tesla
’s two-chip FSD computer at 144 TOPs would compare against the NVIDIA DRIVE
AGX Pegasus computer which runs at 320 TOPS for AI perception, localization
and path planning.



Additionally, while Xavier delivers 30 TOPS of processing, Tesla erroneously
stated that it delivers 21 TOPS. Moreover, a system with a single Xavier
processor is designed for assisted driving AutoPilot features, not full
self-driving. Self-driving, as Tesla asserts, requires a good deal more
compute.

此外，Xavier 擁有30 TOPS 的運算能力，但Tesla 錯誤地宣稱它只擁有21 TOPS
的處理性能。而且，使用單個Xavier 處理器的系統是針對輔助駕駛AutoPilot
的特點設計的，而不是為了全自動駕駛而設計。正如Tesla 所說，自動駕駛需要
更大量的計算。

Tesla, however, has the most important issue fully right: Self-driving cars—
which are key to new levels of safety, efficiency, and convenience—are the
future of the industry. And they require massive amounts of computing
performance.



Indeed Tesla sees this approach as so important to the industry’s future
that it’s building its future around it. This is the way forward. Every
other automaker will need to deliver this level of performance.



There are only two places where you can get that AI computing horsepower:
NVIDIA and Tesla.

如果你想獲得強大的AI 計算性能，只有兩種選擇：NVIDIA和Tesla。

And only one of these is an open platform that’s available for the industry
to build on.

但兩者之中只有一個能夠提供可供整個行業使用的開放平台。

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100W，最後的成果是72W。這就跟當初Google 在發展深度學習時放棄以GPU 為主，

自行研發TPU 一樣，能耗是一個很重要的關鍵，有興趣可以參考以下的文章：

僅需1/5成本：TPU是如何超越GPU，成為深度學習首選處理器的
http://bit.ly/2UWKF8L

Google 研發了一塊晶片，省下建資料中心的錢還推動機器學習的發展
http://bit.ly/2DAAXyd

同時Elon 也提到，全自動駕駛每英里的電耗是250W，若以平均時速30 km/h 來
計算，那大約是每小時要耗費約4.69度電，而若不用72W 的Tesla FSD 電腦改用
500W 的Pegasus，等於每小時要再額外花費約0.43度電，這相當於整體功耗多了
8.67%，關於功耗這問題就是Nvidia 沒有提的，他們還沒解決。




Tesla FSD Computer，兩顆自研的SoC 晶片，功耗72W：
https://i.imgur.com/60khZxi.jpg

Drive PX 2，兩顆Parker SoC 晶片 + 兩顆輔助Pascal GPU，功耗250W：
https://i.imgur.com/aaZj5db.jpg

基於Drive PX 2 所訂製的Tesla HW 2.5，兩顆SoC 晶片 + 一顆輔助GPU，功耗60W：
https://i.imgur.com/4L5wnkN.png

Drive PX Xavier，單顆SoC 晶片，功耗30W：
https://i.imgur.com/oOhaAw0.jpg

Drive PX Pegasus，兩顆Xavier SoC 晶片 + 兩顆GPU，功耗500W：
https://i.imgur.com/sinVMOh.jpg

https://i.imgur.com/OXuzhcU.jpg

--
Elon Musk vs Mark Zuckerberg
https://youtu.be/a2GVxYfKSxA

中文字幕：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av37804239/

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