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※ [本文轉錄自 book 看板 #1HrXlGj- ]

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Curiosity kills the cat.
有時候人是不該放縱自己的好奇心的。
只因為剛讀完 Thinking, Fast and Slow
想看看很暢銷但被人罵翻的中文翻譯本是什麼樣子，
於是有了上面的糾錯文字。

洪蘭說她是倉促間翻成的。不論這種態度是否合理正確，
好歹她先給自己一個下台階，可憐買書的讀者。

因此查了洪蘭的著作資歷，發現她有本譯作「天生愛學樣：發現鏡像神經元」
得到中文世界最重要的科普著作獎：第五屆吳大猷科學普及著作獎，
而且是最高的「金籤獎」。

吳大猷基金會設在中研院物理所內，科學普及著作獎還有台積電文教基金會等支援，
應該有嚴謹的評審制度吧，可惜拿來一閱，事有大謬不然者！

根據  第五屆吳大猷科學普及著作獎 徵獎辦法
評選標準：
以啟發性、信（內容豐富正確）、達（表達清楚）、趣（吸引讀者、可讀性高）為標準，
其中「內容正確」為入選之必要條件。
http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/~tywufund/award/2009/method_05.htm

大家且看底下的揪出來的錯誤，只是短短幾頁的東西，居然就有
那麼多可笑的錯誤，不敢想像如果抓到底，全書到底有幾百個甚至上千個
錯誤。

「天生愛學樣：發現鏡像神經元」哪點合於評選標準了？？

說來這隻電腦前的貓咪還真該死，居然又忍不住好奇心，查了評審委員名單，
發現了:

兩地各推薦十本著作進入決審，決審審書過程由 5 月中旬開始，至 7 月初

http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/~tywufund/download/award/2009/recipient.pdf


只能夠說：這已經是醜聞了。

曾志朗、洪蘭夫婦，你們讓我覺得噁心！


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天生愛學樣：發現鏡像神經元
Mirroring people
作者：Marco Iacoboni
譯者：洪蘭
出版社：遠流
出版日期：2009年07月01日
語言：繁體中文 ISBN：9789573264941
裝訂：平裝

http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010439657
--------------------
When we get right down to it, what do we human beings do all day long? We
read the world, especially the people we encounter. My face in the mirror
first thing in the morning doesn’t look too good, but the face beside me in
the mirror tells me that my lovely wife is off to a good start. One glance at
my eleven-year-old daughter at the breakfast table tells me to tread
carefully and sip my espresso in silence. When a colleague reaches for a
wrench in the laboratory, I know he’s going to work on the magnetic
stimulation machine, and he’s not going to throw his tool against the wall
in anger. When another colleague walks in with a grin or a smirk on her face—
the line can be fine indeed, the product of tiny differences in the way we
set our face muscles—I automatically and almost instantaneously can discern
which it is. We all make dozens—hundreds—of such distinctions every day. It
is, quite literally, what we do.


。
--------------------
評：

When we get right down to it, what do we human beings do all day long?
洪蘭：仔細想一想，我們其實不知道自己每天幹了什麼事。

原書正文的第一句，居然就被改頭換面，委實不是好的開始。
--------------------
Nor do we give any of this a second thought. It all seems so ordinary.
However, it is actually extraordinary—and extraordinary that it feels
ordinary! For centuries, philosophers scratched their heads over humans’
 ability to understand one another. Their befuddlement was reasonable: they
had essentially no science to work with. For the past 150 years or so,
psychologists, cognitive scientists, and neuroscientists have had some
science to work with—and in the past fifty years, a lot of science—and for
a long time they continued to scratch their heads. No one could begin to
explain how it is that we know what others are doing, thinking, and feeling.


--------------------
評：
However, it is actually extraordinary—and extraordinary that it feels
ordinary!
洪蘭：但這其實是非常的特殊─特殊到看起來理所當然！
當作：但這其實是很不尋常的，而其不尋常，就在於我們覺得它很平常。

--------------------
Now we can. We achieve our very subtle understanding of other people thanks
to certain collections of special cells in the brain called mirror neurons.
These are the tiny miracles that get us through the day. They are at the
heart of how we navigate through our lives. They bind us with each other,
mentally and emotionally.


--------------------
評：

thanks to 是「因為」 （because of someone or something） 的意思，翻成「感謝」
雖然也可以，但味道就是有些不大對勁。

certain collections of special cells in the brain 沒譯
這是本書十分關鍵的一句話，作者在此解釋「鏡像神經元」是什麼東西，否則讀者看了半
天，也不會知道它們其實是某些腦細胞的集合體。
這麼重要的一句話，居然沒譯出來。

--------------------
Why do we give ourselves over to emotion during the carefully crafted,
heartrending scenes in certain movies? Because mirror neurons in our brains
re-create for us the distress we see on the screen. We have empathy for the
fictional characters—we know how they’re feeling—because we literally
experience the same feelings ourselves. And when we watch the movie stars
kiss on-screen? Some of the cells firing in our brain are the same ones that
fire when we kiss our lovers. “Vicarious” is not a strong enough word to
describe the effect of these mirror neurons. When we see someone else
suffering or in pain, mirror neurons help us to read her or his facial
expression and actually make us feel the suffering or the pain of the other
person. These moments, I will argue, are the foundation of empathy and
possibly of morality, a morality that is deeply rooted in our biology. Do you
watch sports on television? If so, you must have noticed the many “reaction
shots” in the stands: the fan frozen with anticipation, the fan ecstatic
over the play. (This is especially true for baseball broadcasts, with all the
downtime between pitches.)

為什麼我們在看電影時，會跟著劇中人的喜怒哀樂而情緒起伏，甚至一掬同情之淚？因為
大腦中的鏡像神經元替我們重新創造了電影中生離死別的場景，我們對劇中人產生同理心
─我們知道他的感覺─因為我們自己也經驗過同樣的感覺。當我們看到銀幕上明星彼此親


--------------------
評：

「替身」（vicarious）?
洪蘭前面用過「感同身受」一詞，明明很貼切這個英文字的意思，這裡卻偏偏要用「替身
」，不幸這個現成的中文詞，壓根兒不是「感同身受」的意思。

you must have noticed the many “reaction shots” in the stands
洪蘭: 你就會注意到觀眾席上的投球反應

“reaction shots” in the stands是對觀眾的「特寫鏡頭」。看過球賽轉播的都知道，
轉播單位常提供觀眾反應的畫面。洪蘭顯然不明白，也不去查一查，就硬著頭皮翻了。

而且，什麼球賽是在觀眾席上投球的？一看就該知道有問題。

(This is especially true for baseball broadcasts, with all the downtime
between pitches.)
洪蘭: （這在棒球賽實況轉播時，特別明顯）
with all the downtime between pitches 失蹤了。
棒球迷都知道，投手投球之間的短暫停頓 ，充滿了緊張的氣氛，
是讓人心跳暴衝的時刻。譯者搞不清楚球賽和轉播的過程，
前面還卯起來幹，到這裡索性視毀屍滅跡。

-----------------------------
These shots are effective television because our mirror neurons make sure
that by seeing these emotions, we share them. To see the athletes perform is
to perform ourselves. Some of the same neurons that fire when we watch a
player catch a ball also fire when we catch a ball ourselves. It is as if by
watching, we are also playing the game. We understand the players’ actions
because we have a template in our brains for that action, a template based on
our own movements. Since different actions share similar movement properties
and activate similar muscles, we don’t have to be skilled players to “mirror
” the athletes in our brain. The mirror neurons of a non-tennis-playing fan
will fire when watching a pro smash an overhead, because the
non-tennis-playing fan has certainly made other kinds of overhead movements
with his arm throughout his life; the equivalent neurons of a fan such as me,
who also plays the game, will obviously be activated much more strongly. And
if I’m watching Roger Federer, I bet my mirror neurons must be firing
wildly, because I’m a big Federer fan.


-----------------------------
評：
These shots are effective television 沒翻
指的是現場觀眾的特寫鏡頭，對電視觀眾很有感染力。
不翻不錯，倒也俐落。

繼續看下去.......
-----------------------------
Mirror neurons undoubtedly provide, for the first time in history, a
plausible neurophysiological explanation for complex forms of social
cognition and interaction. By helping us recognize the actions of other
people, mirror neurons also help us to recognize and understand the deepest
motives behind those actions, the intentions of other individuals. The
empirical study of intention has always been considered almost impossible,
because intentions were deemed too “mental” to be studied with empirical
tools. How do we even know that other people have mental states similar to
our own? Philosophers have mulled over this “problem of other minds” for
centuries, with very little progress. Now they have some real science to work
with. Research on mirror neurons gives them and everyone interested in how we
understand one another some remarkable food for thought.



-----------------------------
評：
Mirror neurons undoubtedly provide, for the first time in history, a
plausible neurophysiological explanation for complex forms of social
cognition and interaction.
洪蘭：鏡像神經元在歷史上，第一次提供了一個解釋我們複雜的社會認知互動神經生理機
制的可能性

「複雜的社會認知互動神經生理機制」
這這這........ 這是中文嗎？洪蘭居然是「搶救國文教育聯盟」的一份子！

當作：對於複雜的社會認知與社會互動，鏡像神經元為我們提供了一項
神經生理學方面的可能解釋，而這是前所未有的。

-----------------------------
Consider the teacup experiment I dreamed up some years back, which I’ll
discuss in considerable detail later. The test subjects are shown three video
clips involving the same simple action: a hand grasping a teacup. In one,
there is no context for the action, just the hand and the cup. In another,
the subjects see a messy table, complete with cookie crumbs and dirty napkins
—the aftermath of a tea party, clearly. The third video shows a neatly
organized tabletop, in apparent preparation for the tea party. In all three
video clips, a hand reaches in to pick up the teacup. Nothing else happens,
so the grasping action observed by the subjects in the experiment is exactly
the same. The only difference is the context.


-----------------------------
dreamed up （憑空設想）沒翻。
-----------------------------
Do mirror neurons in the brains of our subjects note the difference in the
contexts? Yes. When the subject is observing the grasping scene with no
context at all, mirror neurons are the least active. They are more active
when the subject is
watching either of the scenes and most active when watching the neat scene.
Why? Because drinking is a much more fundamental intention for us than is
cleaning up. The teacup experiment is now well known in the field of
neuroscience, but it is not an isolated result: solid empirical evidence
suggests that our brains are capable of mirroring the deepest aspects of the
minds of others—intention is definitely one such aspect— at the
fine-grained level of a single brain cell. This is utterly remarkable.
Equally remarkable is the effortlessness of this simulation. We do not have
to draw complex inferences or run complicated algorithms. Instead, we use
mirror neurons.


-----------------------------
評：
Do mirror neurons in the brains of our subjects note the difference in the
contexts?
洪蘭：受試者大腦中的鏡像神經元，會因為這些背景的不同而有不同程度的活化嗎？
當作：受試者大腦中的鏡像神經元，是否注意到這些情境的不同之處呢？

solid empirical evidence
洪蘭：有許多實驗....
當作：可靠的實驗證據

solid empirical evidence suggests that our brains are capable of mirroring
the deepest aspects of the minds of others—intention is definitely one such
aspect— at the fine-grained level of a single brain cell.
洪蘭：有許多實驗顯示我們的大腦可以模仿別人最深層的心智意圖─而這意圖是以單細胞
這麼小的單位來界定的，

原文哪來的「界定」？

當作：可靠的實驗證據間接顯示(suggests＝imply; state something indirectly ):
我們在腦部單細胞的細微層次，就能模仿他人心智的最深層面向，而意圖無疑是
這些面向中的一部分。

作者認為這些實驗指向某些可能的結論，但並沒有那麼肯定，還有幾分希望或保留的語氣
；洪蘭卻說得像是塵埃落定的結論似的。

-----------------------------
博客來的書摘底下略過原文幾頁的內容，應該只是節選的緣故。
我手頭沒有翻譯的紙本書，無法比對。

但對於如此離譜的翻譯，我的耐性也只到這裡了，暫時就此打住。

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There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love.

                                                    --- Chuck Palahniuk

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※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 203.67.161.19
※ 編輯: decorum         來自: 203.67.161.19        (07/05 09:12)
※ johanna:轉錄至看板 Translation                                  07/05 10:18
還沒接到嚴厲指責的電話，如果有此榮幸，我會以Part 3、Part 4伺候的
※ 編輯: decorum         來自: 203.67.161.19        (07/05 10:40)

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc)
※ 轉錄者: BrightPeak (180.176.253.134), 時間: 07/06/2013 13:20:19
※ Chengheong:轉錄至看板 Education                                 07/06 13:23

得獎那段才令人傻眼

自肥到這種程度頗噁心
※ 編輯: BrightPeak      來自: 180.176.253.134      (07/06 13:26)

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